Fig. 5

Nanomedicine, microbiota, and CAD. Nanoparticles in nanomedicine have many applications that can aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD. The utilization of nanoparticles to understand the underlying bodily mechanisms (i.e., protein corona analysis), drug delivery (i.e., microbiome- and metabolome-targeted therapies), and scavenging particles (i.e., for LDL cholesterol modulating the immune system) can lead to a healthier gut microbiome and immune system that result in better overall healthy state clear of CAD development