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Fig. 5 | Microbiome

Fig. 5

From: Ochratoxin A induces liver inflammation: involvement of intestinal microbiota

Fig. 5

OTA fails to promote liver inflammation in antibiotics-treated ducks. a Liver LPS level in different groups (n = 6, mean with SEM). b Relative mRNA expressions of TLR4, MYD88, IKBα, IL-6, and TNF-α in the liver of antibiotics-treated ducks with or without OTA (n = 6, mean with SEM). c Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the liver of antibiotics-treated ducks with or without OTA (n = 6, mean with SEM). d Representative images of H&E-stained liver sections (magnification × 400; scale bar 100 μm; n = 6). e Statistical analysis of the percentage of inflammatory cells in different groups shown in d (n = 6, mean with SEM). f Effect of OTA on serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and LDH in antibiotics-treated ducks (n = 6, mean with SEM). g Serum LPS level with or without OTA treatment in antibiotics-treated ducks (n = 6, mean with SEM). h Effect of OTA on serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 (n = 6, mean with SEM). Data were analyzed with unpaired t test. n.s., not significant

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