Fig. 1

The composition and metagenomic function prediction of cecum microbiota after oral OTA treatment in ducks. a Principal component analysis of microbial communities in the cecum from CON and OTA. Plots are based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarities of 16S-based OTUs (n = 7). b Genes and gene families associated with LPS biosynthesis in different groups (n = 6, data shown as mean with SEM). c The contribution of different bacterial classes to LPS biosynthesis (n = 6). d Effect of OTA on the relative abundance of Bacteroides plebeius (n = 7). e The effect of OTA on cecum LPS level in ducks (n = 6, data shown as mean with SEM). For b, d, and e, data were analyzed with unpaired t test, **P < 0.01