Fig. 1

Hierarchical clustering and taxonomic annotation of bacterial 16S rRNA marker gene sequenced species. Bacterial 16S sequence data were available from 59 samples including seven active GPA, 31 inactive GPA, two disease controls (EGPA), seven unrelated healthy controls, four healthy household controls, and eight longitudinal samples. a Hierarchical clustering with heatmap presentation was done with R package Heatplus (v 2.20.0, Author: Alexander Ploner). For the heatmap presentation, we removed species with less than 5 % as their maximum relative abundance in five samples which resulted in the inclusion of 34 oligotype species. b A stacked bar chart showing the distribution of the top 14 species (minimum abundance of 1% covering 93.16% of all reads) is placed next to the heatmap. c A stacked bar chart showing the distribution of the next top 17 species (minimum abundance between 0.1% and 1% covering 5.56% of all reads)