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Fig. 1 | Microbiome

Fig. 1

From: Haem iron reshapes colonic luminal environment: impact on mucosal homeostasis and microbiome through aldehyde formation

Fig. 1

In vivo and ex vivo effects of the addition of haem and/or calcium carbonate on faecal, mucosal, and cellular biomarkers. After 21 days of experimental diets, effect on (a) faecal haem, (b) faecal TBARs, (c) urinary DHN-MA, (d) ex vivo expression of aldehyde detoxication-related genes, (e) colonic myeloperoxidase activity, (f) permeability, (g) DNA damage, and (h) ex vivo expression of cytokines and JAM-A genes. CON, control diet; Ca, control diet + calcium carbonate; HEM, haem-enriched diet; HEM-Ca, haem-enriched diet + calcium carbonate. Values are presented as means ± SEM; n = 8 for in vivo and n = 3 to 4 for ex vivo. ANOVA, Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparison test: *versus CON, μversus Ca, #versus HEM

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