Fig. 3

Interrelationship between gut microbiota composition, host metabolic profile and main CAD phenotype. Visualization of the correlation network according to Spearman correlation analysis between the gut microbiota of significant CAGs and the parameters represented CAD severity was mediated by serum metabolites. Red connections indicate a positive correlation (Spearman correlation test, FDR < 0.05), while blue connections show correlations that were negative (Spearman correlation test, FDR < 0.05). In the gut microbiota column, the green stratum represents CAGs that were highly enriched in the control group, and the stratum coloured in purple was increased in the more severe group among the subgroup’s comparisons. In the metabolomics column, the orange stratum represents CAD-negative metabotypes, and the pink stratum represents CAD-positive metabotypes. CAG co-abundance group, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, PC phosphatidylcholine, GP glycerophospholipids, No. of SV number of stenosed vessels, cTnI troponin I