Fig. 5
Preferences observed in plant-fungus associations. a Plant-epiphytic fungus association. b Plant-endophytic fungus association. The standardized d′ estimate of preferences for fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is shown for each plant species (column). Likewise, the standardized d′ estimate of preferences for plant species is indicated for each of the observed fungal OTUs (row). Each cell in the matrix indicates a two-dimensional preference (2DP) estimate, which measures to what extent the association of a focal plant-fungus pair was observed more or less frequently than would be expected by chance. The P values were adjusted based on the false discovery rate (FDR). The relationship between 2DP and FDR-adjusted P values shows that 2DP values larger than 2.4 (epiphyte) and 2.6 (endophyte) and those smaller than − 3.4 (endophyte) represented strong preference and avoidance respectively (PFDR < 0.05). Black line indicates that the 2DP value is not able to be calculated as the standard deviation of the number of samples for the focal plant-fungal OTU pair across randomized matrices is zero