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Table 4 Comparison of immunological/inflammatory biomarkers between residence location groups at baseline

From: Prebiotic supplementation in frail older people affects specific gut microbiota taxa but not global diversity

Biomarkers

p a

p b

Mean (SD)

CM vs. YH

CM vs. LS

YH vs. LS

YH

CM

LS

CRP (mg/L)

< 0.001

0.443

< 0.001 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

2 (3.8)

1.5 (1.2)

24.3 (29.2)

CXCL11 (pg/ml)

< 0.001

0.244

< 0.001 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

345.8 (594.6)

670.3 (1310.9)

1278.1 (1655.1)

CCL11 (pg/ml)

< 0.001

0.126

< 0.001 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

12.1 (27.3)

17.5 (37.3)

310.3 (133.3)

IL-17A (pg/ml)

< 0.001

< 0.001 (↓)

0.002 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

0.4 (0.0)

0.9 (0.5)

3.4 (2.9)

IFN-γ (pg/ml)

0.004

0.094

0.026 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

5 (6.4)

6.4 (6.5)

10.5 (8.4)

IL-10 (pg/ml)

< 0.001

0.365

< 0.001 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

0.1 (0.1)

0.1 (0.1)

0.8 (1.9)

IL-6 (pg/ml)

< 0.001

0.006 (↓)

< 0.001 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

0.2 (0.1)

0.6 (0.4)

3.1 (3)

IL-8 (pg/ml)

0.008

0.113

0.033 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

8.9 (5.1)

12.9 (14.2)

29.1 (67.4)

TNF-α (pg/ml)

< 0.001

0.012

< 0.001 (↑)

< 0.001 (↑)

1 (0.6)

1.7 (0.8)

5.1 (2.8)

CD4 (%)

0.342

0.113

0.097

0.448

38.6 (7.8)

33.5 (13)

37.8 (16.3)

CD8 (%)

0.001

< 0.001 (↑)

0.167

0.006 (↓)

20.9 (6.6)

13.6 (9.5)

16.5 (10.6)

LPS (EU/ml)

0.065

0.010 (↓)

0.129

0.173

6.1 (4.7)

11 (8.3)

8.2 (7.0)

  1. ↑ ↓ Indicates direction of difference in value in the latter-named group, in the pairwise comparison
  2. CM community (seniors), YH young-healthy, LS long-stay (residential care seniors)
  3. aKruskal-Wallis test across the three residence location groups
  4. bDunn’s post-hoc test for pairwise comparison
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Microbiome

ISSN: 2049-2618

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