|
Characteristics
|
Young-healthy
|
Community
|
Long-stay
|
p
b
|
|---|
|
Intervention
|
Placebo
|
p
a
|
Intervention
|
Placebo
|
p
a
|
Intervention
|
Placebo
|
p
a
|
|---|
|
n
|
21
|
8
| |
20
|
8
| |
17
|
5
| | |
|
Sex (#male:female)
|
6:15
|
7:1
|
0.01
|
7:13
|
3:5
|
1.00
|
7:10
|
2:3
|
1.00
|
0.808
|
|
Age (years)
|
41.9 (14.5)
|
33.1 (13.2)
|
0.09
|
69.5 (4.9)
|
74.9 (7.5)
|
0.07
|
83.4 (7.6)
|
85 (7.6)
|
0.84
|
< 0.001
|
|
BMI (kg/cm2)
|
24.7 (5.0)
|
25.7 (3.5)
|
0.31
|
26.2 (4.3)
|
25.5 (1.4)
|
0.76
|
27.3 (6.2)
|
28.8 (7.7)
|
0.82
|
0.157
|
|
Weight (kg)
|
70.6 (13.5)
|
80.4 (10.6)
|
0.06
|
74.7 (14.9)
|
66.2 (8.8)
|
0.13
|
80 (28.1)
|
90.7 (28.5)
|
0.46
|
0.665
|
|
Charlson comorbidity
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
0 (0)
|
0.1 (0.4)
|
0.13
|
2 (1.3)
|
3 (3.0)
|
0.75
|
< 0.001
|
|
Barthel score
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
20 (0)
|
19.9 (0.4)
|
0.13
|
6.6 (5.5)
|
5 (3.5)
|
0.72
|
< 0.001
|
|
ALP (IU/L)
|
73.8 (26.0)
|
90.5 (24.6)
|
0.10
|
80.8 (16.6)
|
74.4 (17.7)
|
0.41
|
106.2 (28.9)
|
101.5 (39.3)
|
0.79
|
0.002
|
|
ALT (IU/L)
|
25.1 (12.6)
|
26.5 (5.9)
|
0.29
|
23.8 (10.9)
|
24 (7.7)
|
0.58
|
13.9 (7.2)
|
12.5 (4.5)
|
0.86
|
< 0.001
|
|
AST (IU/L)
|
25.2 (4.5)
|
28.8 (6.8)
|
0.19
|
27.3 (7.1)
|
31.2 (13.6)
|
0.94
|
19 (4.9)
|
16 (3.2)
|
0.33
|
< 0.001
|
|
Bilirubin (μmol/L)
|
14.1 (10.6)
|
10.9 (5.0)
|
0.45
|
12.1 (5.8)
|
11.1 (4.5)
|
0.75
|
6.5 (2.0)
|
7 (2.4)
|
0.65
|
< 0.001
|
|
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
|
5.5 (0.7)
|
5.7 (1.1)
|
0.90
|
5.5 (1.2)
|
5.1 (1.2)
|
0.49
|
4.5 (0.9)
|
4.8 (1.9)
|
0.87
|
0.004
|
|
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
|
1.5 (0.3)
|
1.4 (0.3)
|
0.15
|
1.6 (0.3)
|
1.8 (1.2)
|
0.30
|
1.2 (0.3)
|
1.1 (0.2)
|
0.64
|
0.001
|
|
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
|
3.4 (0.6)
|
3.6 (0.9)
|
0.59
|
3.5 (1.2)
|
2.9 (0.8)
|
0.29
|
2.6 (0.8)
|
2 (0.8)
|
0.40
|
0.004
|
|
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
|
1.3 (0.5)
|
1.5 (0.6)
|
0.59
|
1.2 (0.4)
|
1.3 (0.3)
|
0.33
|
1.7 (0.8)
|
2.8 (1.9)
|
0.23
|
0.030
|
|
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)
|
4.5 (0.6)
|
4.5 (0.5)
|
0.48
|
5.2 (0.7)
|
5 (0.6)
|
0.49
|
6.1 (1.6)
|
7.7 (2.8)
|
0.22
|
< 0.001
|
|
Creatinine (μmol/L)
|
71.5 (12.2)
|
80.9 (15.8)
|
0.07
|
70.1 (14.4)
|
76.1 (23.3)
|
0.52
|
91 (48.0)
|
104.5 (38.9)
|
0.59
|
0.068
|
|
Ferritin (μg/L)
|
73.8 (48.5)
|
98.1 (64.5)
|
0.39
|
102.6 (63.2)
|
107.6 (53.7)
|
0.61
|
80.9 (70.7)
|
40.3 (10.1)
|
0.79
|
0.094
|
|
TSH (mIU/L)
|
1.9 (0.8)
|
1.6 (0.3)
|
0.39
|
2.5 (1.3)
|
2.4 (1.3)
|
0.92
|
1.7 (0.6)
|
1.1 (1.0)
|
0.30
|
0.037
|
|
Urea (mmol/L)
|
5.4 (1.1)
|
5.5 (1.2)
|
0.96
|
5.7 (1.4)
|
5.5 (1.0)
|
0.58
|
8.7 (3.6)
|
11.6 (4.1)
|
0.11
|
< 0.001
|
|
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)
|
265.1 (159.3)
|
318.8 (120.6)
|
0.12
|
332.6 (153.3)
|
303.4 (93.4)
|
0.79
|
234.2 (119.5)
|
195.7 (46.6)
|
0.63
|
0.009
|
|
White blood cell count
|
6 (1.6)
|
6.1 (1.4)
|
0.79
|
5.5 (1.1)
|
6.2 (1.7)
|
0.47
|
7.3 (2.6)
|
6.9 (0.7)
|
0.90
|
0.042
|
|
HFD index
|
0.5 (0.1)
|
0.4 (0.1)
|
0.031
|
0.4 (0.1)
|
0.4 (0.1)
|
0.409
|
0.3 (0.1)
|
0.4 (0.1)
|
0.179
|
< 0.001
|
- Data presented as mean (SD)
- ALP alkaline phosphatase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate transaminase, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone, HFD healthy food diversity, ND not done
- aMann-Whitney U test for two treatment groups except Fisher’s test for sex ratio
- bKruskal-Wallis test for three residence location groups
