Fig. 3

Identification of specific metabolites that mediate EHEC motility. a–c Results of metabolomics analysis of human versus mouse gut microbiome metabolites. a Venn-diagram illustrating metabolomics analysis workflow and total numbers of compounds identified in the Hmm and Mmm samples compared to the pre-fermentation medium (Pre-ferm.; label p_25: human pre-fermentation medium; label p_26 murine pre-fermentation medium). b Heatmap of 426 compounds produced by commensal bacteria that were differentially abundant in human (Hmm) versus mouse (Mmm) microbiome metabolites. c Relative abundance of 30 microbiome metabolites that were tested (blue and red: higher levels in Mmm or Hmm, respectively). d Results of FliC- luciferase (FliC-lux) screening for the 30 selected metabolites (FliC-lux levels are presented based on quantification of the AUC; grape seed oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PAC) was used as a negative control; the 4 active metabolites that induced higher FliC levels are highlighted in red; all values were normalized against the DMSO control)