Fig. 2
Community-level BPA biodegradation dynamics and pathways. Biodegradation of BPA and intermediates in the enrichment culture amended with (a) 50 mg L−1 BPA, (b) 40 mg L−1 1-BP, (c) 40 mg L−1 4-DM, or (d) 10 mg L−1 2-BP. (a-1) 1-BP pathway and (a-2) 2-BP metabolites detected in the enrichment culture amended 50 mg L−1 BPA. * The concentrations are indicated using the secondary Y-axis. (e) Proposed BPA-mineralization pathways of the enrichment culture. Intermediates marked by orange indicate the degradation products detected by LC-MS/MS from enrichment culture. The details on detection of degradation products are summarized in Additional file 9: Table S1. Genes colored blue were deduced from metagenomic analysis. Abbreviations, BPA, bisphenol A; 1-BP, 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol; 2-BP, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol; 4-DM, 4,4′-dihydroxyl-α-methylstilbene; 2,4-BP: 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoate; 3,4-BP, 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol; 4-HBD, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 4-HBZ, 4-hydroxybenzoate; 4-HAP, 4-hydroxy-acetophenone; 4-HPAT, 4′-hydroxyphenyl acetate; 4-HPAH, 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol; HQN, hydroquinone; 3,4-DHB, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate; 4-CHS, 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde; 2-HHD, 2-hydroxy-2-hydropyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate; 2-PD, 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate; 4-OS, 4-oxalome-saconate; 4-CHM, 4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate; 4-CHO, 4-carboxy-4-hydroxy-2-oxoadipate; PYV, pyruvate; OLA, oxaloacetate; HMS, 4-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde; MLL, maleylacetate; β-CM, β-carboxy-muconate; γ-CL, gamma-carboxymucono-lactone; 3-OEL, 3-oxoadipate-enol-lactone; 3-ODP, 3-oxoadipate; 3-OAC, 3-oxoadipyl-CoA; SCC, succinyl-CoA. Gene names are summarized in Additional file 10: Table S6