| Hani Terrace | Taihu Plain | Sanjiang Plain | Lianghu Plain |
---|---|---|---|---|
Administrative region | Yunnan Province. | Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui Provinces, and Shanghai Municipality | Heilongjiang Province | Hunan and Hubei Provinces |
Longitude range | 100°55′27″–103°14′57″ | 118°38′12″–121°47′48″ | 130°12′45″–134°8′45″ | 111°50′51″–114°48′12″ |
Latitude range | 22°46′44″–24°28′13″ | 30°3′19″–31°56′15″ | 45°16′53″–48°2′40″ | 28°34′7″–31°16′21″ |
Climate | 3-D climate, (sub)tropics | subtropics | temperate | subtropics |
Elevation (m) | 350–3000 | 0–45 | 50–160 | 10–100 |
Rice cultivation history | ~ 1200 years | ~ 5000 years | ~ 60 years | ~ 4000 years |
Rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) [89] | Most are japonica | Half are indica and half are japonica | All are japonica | Most are indica |
Cultivation method | traditional | modern and small-scale | modern and large-scale | modern and medium-scale |
Mean pH | 6.07 ± 0.60 | 6.60 ± 0.70 | 6.32 ± 0.32 | 6.80 ± 0.68 |
Mean annual temperature (°C) | 16.21 ± 1.77 | 15.66 ± 0.41 | 2.85 ± 0.78 | 16.68 ± 0.35 |
Mean annual precipitation (mm/d) | 3.20 ± 0.19 | 3.74 ± 0.19 | 1.86 ± 0.13 | 3.45 ± 0.29 |
Dissolved organic carbon (mg/ml) | 23.51 ± 6.84 | 31.68 ± 11.41 | 29.28 ± 8.39 | 31.61 ± 14.40 |