Fig. 1
From: Influence of cigarette smoking on the human duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota
Bacterial load on the small intestinal mucosa in all patients. Load was assessed by qPCR and expressed as the ratio between copies of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and copies of the human beta-actin gene. Significance testing was undertaken using Kruskal-Wallis; in addition, a multivariate analysis was undertaken in which patient diagnosis, age, sex, BMI and PPI use were included. In both cases, no significant differences in bacterial load were observed based on smoking status