Fig. 4

Maternal oral vancomycin impacts infant and maternal B cell compartments. Pups born to vancomycin breeders were sacrificed 14 days postpartum and their inherent spleen immunity characterized by FACS. Total IgM and IgG was measured in offspring sera and maternal breastmilk 14 days postpartum. a, b Proportion and absolute counts for total B cells. c Representative flow plot of Marginal and Follicular B cell subsets in spleen of Pc versus Pn. d, e Frequencies and numbers of Follicular B cells in infant spleen. f, g Frequencies and numbers of Marginal zone B cells in infant spleen. f Total IgM in infant serum 14 days postpartum. h, i Total IgM and IgG respectively in maternal breastmilk (collected from pup’s stomach), 14 days postpartum. j Serum levels of lipocalin-2 in pup serum at 14 days postpartum. Graphs shown as mean ± SEM. Data are representative of two independent experiments. n = 6–10 pups per groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U test