Fig. 6

Lineage abundance distribution (LAD) and co-occurrence patterns of Woesearchaeota with other archaea across the 133 libraries/studies. a Occurrence of archaeal lineages (number of studies where a given lineage was found) plotted against its mean abundance across these studies. Core lineages (in green) were defined as those appearing in more than 90 libraries while satellite lineages (in blue) appearing in less than 50 libraries. Solid circles indicate lineages from anoxic biotopes while hollow circles indicate lineages from oxic biotopes. b Occurrence of each archaeal lineage plotted against its dispersion index. The dash line depicts the 2.5% confidence limit of the χ² distribution suggesting that lineages falling below this line follow a Poisson distribution and are therefore randomly dispersed in space. c Co-occurrence network based on correlation analysis. Each node denotes an archaeal OTU at 90% cutoff. Node size indicates the closeness centrality (that is, the mean shortest path of this node to any other node), and node color represents taxonomy (see abbreviations below). Edge lines between nodes denote significant co-occurrence relationships. Edge size shows the strength of Spearman correlation among nodes. d Same network as c, but nodes are colored according to core lineages (see figure legends). e Same network as c, but nodes are colored by modules. f Sub-network modules clustering all OTUs belonging to the same lineage colored by modularity. Edge size indicates the number of connections (degree). Abbreviation of taxonomy: Woese, Woesearchaeota; Metmic, Methanomicrobia; Metbac, Methanobacteria; Bathy-6/10/16, Bathyarchaeota subgroup-6/10/16; Thermpl, Thermoplasmata; SCG, Soil Crenarchaeotic Group; SAGMCG, South African Gold Mine Group 1; MG-I, Marine Group I; Halobacteria, Halo; Terrestrial group, Tergp; others (Additional file 1: Table S5)