Fig. 5

Change in alpha diversity from the third trimester to postpartum. Alpha diversity in pregnancy and postpartum as represented by observed richness (a), Shannon diversity (b) and Pielou evenness (c) based on the samples from GDM (n = 43) and normoglycaemic (n = 79) women with available faecal samples from the third trimester and 8 months postpartum. Samples were rarefied to an equal sequencing depth of 10,000 reads. Boxes represent interquartile range (IQR), with the inside line representing the median. Whiskers represent values within 1.5 × IQR of the first and third quartiles. Circles represent individual samples with lines connecting the samples from the same individual. Differences between GDM and normoglycaemic pregnancies within each time point were tested using Student’s t test. Difference in richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness between time points in GDM and normoglycaemic women combined was tested using a mixed linear regression with a random effect of the subject in women with available samples at both time points