Fig. 5

LEfSe analysis identifying taxonomic differences in the gut microbiota of the catfish and mice responding to thermally processed food. Key phylotypes of differently abundant taxa were identified using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) combined with effect size (LEfSe) algorithm. Histograms of LDA scores of 16S gene sequences in F_NG and F_TG (a), F_NS and F_TS (c), and M_NG and M_TG (e) are shown, with a cutoff value of LDA score (log₁₀) above 3.0. a, c, and e F_NG, F_NS, and M_NG-enriched taxa are indicated with a negative LDA score (red), and taxa enriched in the F_TG, F_TS, and M_TG are characterized by a positive score (green). The symbols “# and ¶” denote enriched taxa in the F_TG and/or F_TS; however, those in the M_NG, where the symbol “#” simultaneously denotes the same enriched taxa in F_TG, F_TS, and M_NG; the symbols “& and $” denote enriched taxa in the F_NG and/or F_NS, but those in the M_TG, where the symbol “$,” denotes the same enriched taxa in the F_NG and F_NS. b, e, and f Cladograms are derived from LEfSe analysis of differential gut microbial taxa. The central point denotes the root of the tree of bacteria and expanded to each ring representing the next lower taxonomic level from phylum to genus. Each circle’s diameter represents the relative abundance of the taxon in gut microbial community. The symbol “*” denotes unclassified OTUs at a taxonomic higher or lower level