|
Vegetative reproduction (vertical)
|
Plants, worms [99], corals [202], echinoderms [203]
|
|
Via oocytes (vertical)
|
Drosophila/Wolbachia [98], aphid/Buchnera [97], sponge [204], herbs/fungi [205]
|
|
Coprophagy (vertical and horizontal)
|
Many animals: termites [101], rabbits [206], koala [100], insects [102]
|
|
Mother’s milk (vertical)
|
Mammals [108,109,110]
|
|
Physical contact starting at birth (Vertical and horizontal)
|
Most animals: fish [207], amphibians [208], mammals [209]
|
|
Horizontal
|
Grasses/endophytes [120], squid/Vibrio fischeri [119]
|
