Vegetative reproduction (vertical)
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Plants, worms [99], corals [202], echinoderms [203]
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Via oocytes (vertical)
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Drosophila/Wolbachia [98], aphid/Buchnera [97], sponge [204], herbs/fungi [205]
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Coprophagy (vertical and horizontal)
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Many animals: termites [101], rabbits [206], koala [100], insects [102]
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Mother’s milk (vertical)
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Mammals [108,109,110]
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Physical contact starting at birth (Vertical and horizontal)
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Most animals: fish [207], amphibians [208], mammals [209]
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Horizontal
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Grasses/endophytes [120], squid/Vibrio fischeri [119]
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