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Fig. 1 | Microbiome

Fig. 1

From: Gut-dependent microbial translocation induces inflammation and cardiovascular events after ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Fig. 1

Elevated richness of microbiota in the blood of in human adults with STEMI. a–bThe microbial richness and α-diversity (as accessed by Shannon index) based on the genera profile in control (n = 49), CHD (n = 50), and STEMI patients (n = 100). The distribution and density of samples are displayed in violin plots. Boxes represent the interquartile ranges, the inside black plots represent the median, and circles are outliers. P values are from Wilcoxon rank sum test. c Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the OTU table separate STEMI group from the controls and CHDs. Significant P values of Anosim and multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) between groups emphasize the differences in microbial community structure. d Heatmap tree shows genera significantly different in STEMIs as compared to those in controls and CHDs, and their phylogenic relationships. The abundance profiles are expressed by z-scores, and genera were clustered based on Bray Curtis distance in the clustering tree. e Relative abundance of the top 40 most different genera across groups at adjusting P value ≤ 0.05 by Wilcoxon rank sum test and Benjamin and Hochberg method. The abundance profiles are transformed into z-scores by subtracting the average abundance and dividing the standard deviation of all samples. z-score is negative when the row abundance is lower than the mean. f The percentage of bacteria in control, CHD, and STEMI samples originated from oral and gut. More than 7.8% controls, 7.2% CHD, and 12% STEMI are derived from gut-specific microbiome. Boxes represent the interquartile ranges, the inside line represents the median. ***P < 0.001; Wilcoxon rank-sum test

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