Table 1 Examples of microbial interference between microbiota and vector-borne pathogens
From: The mosquito holobiont: fresh insight into mosquito-microbiota interactions
Pathogen | Mosquito | Microorganism | Interference | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arboviruses | Dengue virus | Aedes aegypti | Serratia odorifera | Enhances susceptibility to the virus | [115] |
Chromobacterium | Increases infection resistance Antiviral activity Immune elicitor | [99] | |||
Enterobacteriaceae, Esp_ivi isolate, alternatively Salmonella, Escherichia or Shigella | Decreases antibacterial activity Reduces virus dissemination titer | [113] | |||
Wolbachia | Reduces susceptibility to the virus | [153] | |||
West Nile virus | Culex pipiens Colorado strain | Culex Flavivirus (CxFV) | Reduces virus dissemination | [62] | |
Culex quinquefasciatus Honduras strain | Culex Flavivirus (CxFV) | Enhances virus dissemination | [132] | ||
| Â | Culex quinquefasciatus | Nhumirim virus (NHUV) | Reduces virus infection | [135] | |
Chikungunya virus | Aedes aegypti | Serratia odorifera | Enhances susceptibility to the virus | [115] | |
Eilat virus | Reduces virus replication and dissemination | [64] | |||
La Crosse virus | Aedes albopictus | Enterobacter ludwigii | Antiviral activity | [116] | |
Pseudomonas rhodesiae | Antiviral activity | [116] | |||
Vagococcus salmoninarium | Antiviral activity | [116] | |||
Parasites | Plasmodium yoelii | Anopheles dirus | Bacterial microbiota | Protects against infection by regulating tep1 expression | [109] |
Plasmodium falciparum | Anopheles gambiae | Chromobacterium | Increases infection resistance by forming a protective biofilm against parasite | [99] | |
Enterobacter | Inhibits parasite development by stimulating oxydative stress | ||||
Escherichia coli | Reduces infection prevalence and intensity Reduces parasite development | [98] | |||
Pseudomonas stutzeri | Reduces infection prevalence and intensity | [98] | |||
Serratia | Protects against infection | [103] | |||
Serratia marcescens | Reduces infection prevalence and intensity Actives IMD/REL2 immune pathway | ||||
Penicillium chrysogenum | Enhances susceptibility to the parasite | [130] | |||
Plasmodium berghei | Anopheles stephensi | Asaia bogorensis | Inhibits parasite development by secreting a siderophore receptor protein and a YVTN beta-propeller repeat protein | [140] | |
Wickerhamomyces anomalus | Anti-Plasmodium activity | [129] | |||