From: Host-microbe interactions in octocoral holobionts - recent advances and perspectives
Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus | Octocoral host | Potential function | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actinobacteria | Actinobacteria | Propionibacteriales | Propionibacteriaceae | Propionibacterium | Anthothela spp. Corallium rubrum Paramuricea spp. | Unknown  –Zooxanthellate corals: coral–Symbiodinium symbiosis | |
Bacteroidetes | Flavobacteriia | Flavobacteriales | Flavobacteriaceae | Aquimarina | Antillogorgia elisabethae Eunicella spp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa | Nutrient cycling  Nitrogen cycling (denitrification)  Carbon cycling (chitin degradation)  Sulfur cycling (sulphate reduction) Microbiome regulation | |
Chlamydiae | Chlamydiae | Chlamydiales | Simkaniaceae | Candidatus Fritschea | Eunicella spp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa | Unknown | |
Parcubacteria | – | – | – | – | Corallium rubrum | Unknown | |
Proteobacteria | Alphaproteobacteria | Rickettsiales | Rickettsiales incertae sedis | Candidatus Lariskella | Eunicella spp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa | Unknown | |
Gammaproteobacteria | Cellvibrionales | Spongiibacteraceae | BD1-7 clade | Corallium rubrum Eunicella spp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa | Unknown | ||
Oceanospirillales | Hahellaceae | Endozoicomonas | Antillogorgia elisabethae Corallium rubrum Erythropodium caribaeorum Eunicella spp. Eunicea fusca Gorgonia ventalina Leptogorgia sarmentosa Lobophytum pauciflorum Paramuricea clavata Plexaura sp. Sarcophyton sp. Sinularia flexibilis | Nutrient acquisition  Nitrogen cycling  Carbon cycling  Sulfur cycling  Amino acid synthesis Microbiome regulation | |||
ME2 | – | Corallium rubrum | Unknown | ||||
Vibrionales | Vibrionaceae | Vibrio | Corallium rubrum Eunicella sp. | Putative pathogen (V. shiloi) Food digestion (V. gigantis-related) | |||
Chromatiales | Granulosicoccaceae | Granulosicoccus | Eunicella spp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa | Unknown | |||
Spirochaetae | Spirochaetes | Spirochaetales | Spirochaetaceae | Borrelia | Corallium rubrum | Unknown | |
Spirochaeta | Anthothela spp. Corallium rubrum Lobophytum pauciflorum Muricea spp. | Unknown | |||||
Leptospiraceae | Leptospira | Corallium rubrum | Unknown | ||||
Tenericutes | Mollicutes | Mycoplasmatales | Mycoplasmataceae | Mycoplasma | Cryogorgia koolsae Eunicella spp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa Muricea spp. Pennatula phosphorea Plumarella superba Pseudoplexaura porosa Pteroeides spinosum | Unknown  Commensal feeding on captured prey | |
Entomoplasmatales | Entomoplasmatales incertae sedis | Candidatus Hepatoplasma | Eunicella spp. Leptogorgia sarmentosa Muricea spp. | Unknown  –Potentially copepod prey symbionts |