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Table 1 Reported coral community shifts from reef-building scleractinian corals to soft corals and their causes

From: Host-microbe interactions in octocoral holobionts - recent advances and perspectives

Location

Cause

Shift in octocoral cover

References

From (%)

Up to (%)

Red Sea

North and Center

Crown of thorns starfish

Anthropogenic pollution

5–10

30–50

[245,246,247]

South

Storms, bleaching

Anthropogenic pollution

4

30

[248, 249]

Caribbean

Florida Keys

Bleaching

6

14

[159]

US Virgin Islands

Diseases

  

[250]

Indian Ocean

Madagascar/Seychelles

Bleaching

1.3

2

[251]

Seychelles

Bleaching and anthropogenic pollution

  

[245]

Pacific Ocean

Malaysia

Bleaching

Dynamite fishing

Crown of thorns starfish

1

30

[252]

Indonesia

Anthropogenic pollution

Dynamite fishing

7

13

[253, 254]

Australia

Bleaching

Crown of thorns starfish

10

16

[255]

Fiji

Anthropogenic pollution

N/A

N/A

[256]