From: Host-microbe interactions in octocoral holobionts - recent advances and perspectives
Location | Cause | Shift in octocoral cover | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
From (%) | Up to (%) | ||||
Red Sea | North and Center | Crown of thorns starfish Anthropogenic pollution | 5–10 | 30–50 | |
South | Storms, bleaching Anthropogenic pollution | 4 | 30 | ||
Caribbean | Florida Keys | Bleaching | 6 | 14 | [159] |
US Virgin Islands | Diseases | Â | Â | [250] | |
Indian Ocean | Madagascar/Seychelles | Bleaching | 1.3 | 2 | [251] |
Seychelles | Bleaching and anthropogenic pollution | Â | Â | [245] | |
Pacific Ocean | Malaysia | Bleaching Dynamite fishing Crown of thorns starfish | 1 | 30 | [252] |
Indonesia | Anthropogenic pollution Dynamite fishing | 7 | 13 | ||
Australia | Bleaching Crown of thorns starfish | 10 | 16 | [255] | |
Fiji | Anthropogenic pollution | N/A | N/A | [256] |