Fig. 6

Co-variation pattern and growth curves for co-culture validation experiment. a Emericella nidulans (E, green), Propionibacterium acnes (P, pink), and Rothia dentocariosa (R, blue) form a clique in the skin CDBF network (left). The edge weights are average covariations from the estimated covariance matrix (right) between all species assigned to R. dentocariosa (one member), P. acnes (18 members), and E. nidulans (four members). The microbes were grown in pairs and a trio, and the growth curves for the bacteria were compared to when they were grown in monoculture. Cellular concentration growth curves are based on the average of three biological replicates and the vertical lines indicate their standard deviations. While we were able to grow E. nidulans as a monoculture, no growth curves are available because there is no established method for measuring the growth of filamentous fungi in liquid culture. b R. dentocariosa grown with E. nidulans (cyan line) or alone (blue line). c R. dentocariosa grown with P. acnes (purple line) or alone (blue line). d P. acnes grown with E. nidulans (brown line) or alone (pink line). e Trio of all three organisms grown together (grey line) compared to R. dentocariosa alone (blue line) or P. acnes alone (pink line)