Table 2 Bacterial ecosystems characteristics identified from the pancreatic cyst fluids using PCR, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing (NGS)
Bacterial ecosystem characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | IPMN (n = 27) | MCN (n = 13) | Others (n = 11) | Pseudocysts (n = 9) | Serous cystadenoma (n = 9) | |
16S rRNA PCR (universal 16S rRNA gene primers) | Bacteria present | 92.6% | 100% | 90.9% | 88.9% | 88.9% |
Bacteria absent | 7.4% | 0.0% | 9.1% | 11.1% | 11.1% | |
Sanger sequencing | Bacteria detected | Bacillus spp. Fusobacterium spp., Orpinomyces spp. Anaerococcus spp., Caldimonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Bacillus spp. | Fusobacterium spp., Bacillus spp., Orpinomyces spp., Microcystis spp., Staphylococcus spp. | Fusobacterium spp. | Caldimonas spp., Propionibacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Curvibacter spp., Escherichia spp., Bacillus spp. | Arthrobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., Ruminococcus spp. |
16S rRNA (NGS) (n = 33) | Bacteria present | 100% (n = 9) | 100% (n = 7) | NA | 100% (n = 8) | 100% (n = 9) |
Bacteria detected by 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 variable region NSG (n = 33) | Bacteroides—15.45% Escherichia/Shigella—9.88% Faecalibacterium—8.57% Acidaminococcus—5.75% Sphingomonas—4.87% Others—55.49% | Bacteroides—17.06% Escherichia/Shigella—10.17% Faecalibacterium—6.95% Acidaminococcus—5.22% Sphingomonas—6.48% Others—54.12% | NA | Bacteroides—16.59% Escherichia/Shigella—10.55% Faecalibacterium—6.81% Acidaminococcus—6.23% Sphingomonas—5.40% Others—54.42% | Bacteroides—16.73% Escherichia/Shigella—9.97% Faecalibacterium—6.64% Acidaminococcus—6.24% Sphingomonas—4.81% Others—55.62% | |