Table 3 Most common causes of HAIs [Magill 2014 and characterized further [57, 58] and hits in our ambulance samples
From: Metagenomic characterization of ambulances across the USA
Species | Types of infections | Ambulance hits MetaPhlAn2 | Ambulance hits overlap |
Clostridium difficile | GI | 0 | 0 |
Staphylococcus aureus | Pneumonia, surgical site, bloodstream | 15 | 15 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae | Pneumonia, surgical site, UTIs | 12 | 12 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | Pneumonia, surgical site, UTIs | 6 | 6 |
Escherichia coli | Surgical site, UTIs, bloodstream | 0 | 0 |
Enterococcus faecalis | Surgical site, UTIs, bloodstream | 56 | 56 |
Enterococcus faecium | Surgical site, UTIs, bloodstream | 38 | 38 |
Enterococcus avium | Surgical site, UTIs, bloodstream | 1 | 0 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Pneumonia, surgical site, UTIs | 26 | 26 |
Candida albicans | Pneumonia, UTIs, bloodstream | 0 | 0 |
Candida parapsilosis | Pneumonia, UTIs, bloodstream | 0 | 0 |
Candida glabrata | Pneumonia, UTIs, bloodstream | 0 | 0 |
Candida dubliniensis | Pneumonia, UTIs, bloodstream | 0 | 0 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | Pneumonia, surgical site, bloodstream | 0 | 0 |
Streptococcus parasanguinis | Pneumonia, surgical site, bloodstream | 18 | 18 |
Acinetobacter baumannii | Pneumonia, surgical site | 8 | 8 |
Proteus mirabilis | Pneumonia, surgical site, UTIs | 0 | 0 |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | Pneumonia, UTIs | 280 | 280 |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | NA | 9 | 6 |
Genus | |||
Enterococcus | Surgical site, UTIs, bloodstream | 114 | 114 |
Candida | Pneumonia, UTIs, bloodstream | 0 | 0 |
Streptococcus | Pneumonia, surgical site, bloodstream | 52 | 52 |
Enterobacter | Surgical site, UTIs, bloodstream | 125 | 125 |
Aspergillus | NA | 2 | 0 |
Fusarium | NA | 39 | 0 |
Scedosporium | NA | 0 | 0 |
Citrobacter | NA | 0 | 0 |
Serratia | NA | 8 | 8 |
Bacteroides | NA | 1 | 1 |
Haemophilus | NA | 25 | 25 |