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Fig. 3 | Microbiome

Fig. 3

From: Influence of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the temporal variation of pneumococcal carriage and the nasal microbiota in healthy infants: a longitudinal analysis of a case–control study

Fig. 3

Alpha diversity of the bacterial core microbiota. Samples from the PCV7 era (blue, n = 355) were compared to samples from the PCV13 era (red, n = 408). Shown are the raw data (a, c) and the fitted data (b, d) using linear mixed effect (LME) models. The fixed effects were age, season, season of birth, symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and vaccine era. The random effects were intercepts for the infants and by-infant random slopes for the effect of the vaccine era. Lines are based on a local polynomial regression fitting (loess function in R). Gray bands indicate the standard deviation (SD). Inputs are based on the relative abundance or the prevalence of oligotypes (OT). a OT richness as calculated by the binary-based matrix. b Fitted values of the OT richness. Significantly higher richness in the PCV13 era as compared to the PCV7 era (LME model; P = 0.003). c Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) as measured by the relative abundance-based input. d Significantly higher SDI in the PCV13 era as compared to the PCV7 era (LME model; P = 0.01)

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