Fig. 7

A significant role for TLR4 in intestinal production of cytokines involved in LP Th17 differentiation. a–c Production of IL-1β, IL-23, and IL-6 by SI-LP mononuclear cells of IL1rn ^−/− and IL1rn ^−/− Tlr4 ^−/− mice cultured in the presence of autoclaved IL1rn ^−/− complete fecal microbial antigens for 24 h. d–f Cytokine production by SI-LP lymphocytes of separately housed IL1rn ^−/− and IL1rn ^−/− Tlr4 ^−/− mice ex vivo stimulated with PMA and ionomycin for 5 h. g–i Cytokine production by SI-LP lymphocytes of IL1rn ^−/− and IL1rn ^−/− Tlr4 ^−/− mice co-housed for 10 days. Cells were stimulated as in d–f. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, by Mann-Whitney U test