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Fig. 4 | Microbiome

Fig. 4

From: Compositionally and functionally distinct sinus microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis patients have immunological and clinically divergent consequences

Fig. 4

Microbial states confer a differential risk for polyposis and are significantly associated with distinct profiles of host immune response. a Multivariate permutation (PERMANOVA) testing of presence or absence of polyps at time of surgery does not indicate a significant relationship at the whole-community level (p = 0.152, 2.5% variation explained). b Patients with DSIII(a) have a significantly increased risk for polyposis (88.9% of patients have polyps; Fisher’s exact; p = 0.032, relative risk = 2.159 compared to DSI). c Heatmap of Z score-normalized mean fold change (2−∆∆Ct) for each gene examined indicates that immune responses distinct from that of healthy subjects are evident in CRS patients; samples are grouped by DS and healthy individuals (*indicates Kruskal-Wallis; p < 0.05, q < 0.15; **indicates Kruskal-Wallis; p < 0.05, q < 0.05; DS vs. nonCRS)

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