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Fig. 2 | Microbiome

Fig. 2

From: Compositionally and functionally distinct sinus microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis patients have immunological and clinically divergent consequences

Fig. 2

Dirichlet-multinomial mixtures modeling identifies microbial states that explain a large portion of variation in microbiota composition. a Multivariate permutation (PERMANOVA) testing of DS designation (I-III(b)) explains 31.8% of variation in sinus mucosal microbiota composition (p = 0.001). The most abundant family-level taxa are indicated. Size of sphere is proportional to the average relative abundance of each dominant taxon. b Distribution of co-morbidities (CF or physician-diagnosed asthma) signifcantly differ across microbiota states. DSI was represented by CRS patients and 9/10 of the healthy controls. DSII was enriched for CRS+CF and CRS+A patients, whereas DSIII was comprosed primarily of CRS patients without concomitant lower airway disease, and one healthy control subject (Chi-squared; p = 0.0007). c Stacked bar chart indicating the distribution of taxa in the sinuses grouped by DS. d–g Three-model testing of differential taxon abundance indicates that each DS is associated with enrichment for specific taxa and co-colonizers and depletion of microbiota associated with healthy individuals (ZINB; p < 0.05, q < 0.10)

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