Fig. 1From: Compositionally and functionally distinct sinus microbiota in chronic rhinosinusitis patients have immunological and clinically divergent consequencesCRS patients (irrespective of lower airway disease status) exhibit similar total bacterial burden compared with healthy subjects; however, their microbiota exhibit significantly reduced richness, evenness and diversity. Comparative analyses of sinus microbiota a bacterial burden; b richness (permutation t test; CRS vs healthy q = 0.006; CRS+A vs healthy, q = 0.0015 CRS+CF vs healthy, q = 0.0015); c Pielou’s evenness (permutation t test; CRS vs healthy q = 0.132, CRS+A vs healthy, q = 0.015 and CRS+CF vs healthy, q = 0.003]), and d Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (permutation t test; CRS vs healthy, q = 0.007, CRS+A vs healthy, q = 0.003 and CRS+CF vs healthy, q = 0.003) indices using V4 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of healthy, CRS, CRS+A and CRS+CF subjects. Values represent the median +/− 1.5 IQR. e Multivariate permutation testing of principal coordinate analysis using PERMANOVA based on a weighted UniFrac distance matrix of all samples indicates that disease status explains 8.9% of community composition variation (p = 0.001)Back to article page