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Table 3 Relative abundance of dominant genera in faecal microbiota of infants at 3–4 months, according to birth scenarios and pet exposure

From: Exposure to household furry pets influences the gut microbiota of infants at 3–4 months following various birth scenarios

Birth scenarios

Dominant generaa

Pet exposure status (N = 746)

No exposure

337 (45.17%)

Median (IQR)

Only prenatal

60 (8.0%)

Median (IQR)

Both pre- and postnatal

349 (46.78%)

Median (IQR)

P

FDRp

Vaginal,

IAP−

 

171 (45.6%)

32 (8.5%)

172 (45.9%)

  

Bifidobacterium

5.3 (1.8–14.9)

2.2 (0.68–13.0)

6.3 (1.6–17.8)

0.21

0.63

Bacteroides

31.2 (0.36–62.4)

29.9 (2.4–62.9)

31.5 (0.61–60.7)

0.66

0.86

Parabacteroides

0.01 (0.00–0.5)

0.16 (0.00–2.9)

0.01 (0.00–0.51)

0.13

0.51

Streptococcus

0.62 (0.13–2.1)

0.46 (0.21–1.4)

0.59 (0.21–1.8)

0.81

0.86

Unclassified Clostridiaceae

0.03 (0.00–0.45)

0.09 (0.00–0.46)

0.07 (0.01–0.49)

0.45

0.81

Clostridium

0.01 (0.00–0.38)

0.01 (0.00–0.29)

0.02 (0.00–0.42)

0.15

0.51

Unclassified Lachnospiraceae

0.02 (0.00–1.6)

0.38 (0.02–4.8)*

0.05 (0.01–1.5)*

0.02

0.16

Ruminococcus

0.02 (0.00–1.2)

0.43 (0.01–1.5)*

0.05 (0.00–2.6)*

0.03

0.21

Oscillospira

0.00 (0.00–0.04)

0.07 (0.00–2.3)*

0.01 (0.00–0.7)***

<0.001

0.04

Veillonella

1.5 (0.16–14.9)

2.9 (0.13–9.1)

1.6 (0.24–7.6)

0.89

0.91

Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae

15.5 (7.0–31.9)

5.4 (1.3–28.4)**

13.3 (4.6–34.8)

0.02

0.16

Akkermansia

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.42

0.81

Vaginal,

IAP+

 

75 (42.6%)

14 (8.0%)

87 (49.4%)

  

Bifidobacterium

2.0 (0.06–9.9)

2.2 (0.36–4.1)

3.7 (0.27–16.8)

0.25

0.69

Bacteroides

0.67 (0.05–59.2)

33.7 (0.04–56.3)

12.0 (0.05–69.6)

0.84

0.88

Parabacteroides

0.01 (0.00–0.03)

0.00 (0.00–1.12)

0.00 (0.00–0.02)

0.95

0.95

Streptococcus

0.43 (0.21–1.6)

0.47 (0.12–0.93)

0.59 (0.2–3.6)

0.34

0.81

Unclassified Clostridiaceae

0.08 (0.01–0.88)

0.30 (0.01–3.5)

0.09 (0.01–1.0)

0.49

0.81

Clostridium

0.03 (0.00–0.86)

0.07 (0.02–1.9)

0.04 (0.00–1.0)

0.47

0.81

Unclassified Lachnospiraceae

0.02 (0.00–3.8)

0.66 (0.01–4.1)

0.08 (0.01–3.2)

0.55

0.83

Ruminococcus

0.01 (0.00–0.44)

0.02 (0.00–1.28)

0.03 (0.01–1.88)***

0.004

0.1

Oscillospira

0.00 (0.00–0.56)

0.02 (0.00–2.8)

0.01 (0.00–0.65)

0.66

0.86

Veillonella

3.2 (0.3–13.9)

0.63 (0.19–13.7)

2.7 (0.24–11.8)

0.69

0.86

Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae

20.3 (8.7–37.3)

21.8 (9.8–503)

12.5 (3.6–37.0)*

0.06

0.29

Akkermansia

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.74

0.86

Caesarean, scheduled

 

42 (48.3%)

4 (4.6%)

41 (47.1%)

  

Bifidobacterium

5.0 (0.37–21.6)

3.7 (0.51–19.9)

8.2 (1.3–16.9)

0.76

0.86

Bacteroides

0.08 (0.04–0.44)

30.0 (0.08–61.1)

0.10 (0.05–0.42)

0.49

0.81

Parabacteroides

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.04)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.74

0.86

Streptococcus

0.80 (0.29–2.1)

0.46 (0.13–0.75)

1.6 (0.39–3.7)

0.15

0.51

Unclassified Clostridiaceae

0.15 (0.01–1.5)

0.13 (0.02–1.7)

0.40 (0.06–1.6)

0.58

0.84

Clostridium

0.04 (0.01–1.5)

0.16 (0.02–0.59)

0.28 (0.02–1.7)

0.54

0.82

Unclassified Lachnospiraceae

0.04 (0.00–8.7)

2.0 (0.46–22.6)

0.05 (0.00–7.1)

0.42

0.81

Ruminococcus

0.02 (0.00–1.9)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.01 (0.00–1.7)

0.26

0.69

Oscillospira

0.00 (0.00–0.16)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.03 (0.00–0.89)*

0.04

0.24

Veillonella

7.0 (1.04–16.3)

3.6 (1.14–5.41)

6.2 (1.57–29.7)

0.53

0.82

Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae

27.7 (10.1–45.2)

34.9 (13.1–74.7)

30.5 (10.8–47.8)

0.79

0.86

Akkermansia

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.36

0.81

Caesarean, emergency

 

49 (45.4%)

10 (9.3%)

49 (45.4%)

  

Bifidobacterium

6.5 (1.2–18.0)

4.8 (1.9–12.4)

5.3 (0.18–16.8)

0.75

0.86

Bacteroides

0.08 (0.03–0.17)

0.13 (0.05–17.1)

0.09 (0.04–1.3)

0.19

0.61

Parabacteroides

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.01 (0.00–0.02)*

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.05

0.27

Streptococcus

1.2 (0.5–3.0)

0.64 (0.13–5.1)

0.96 (0.27–2.7)

0.48

0.81

Unclassified Clostridiaceae

0.36 (0.02–3.3)

0.30 (0.01–0.67)

0.31 (0.04–1.6)

0.65

0.86

Clostridium

0.19 (0.02–2.4)

0.04 (0.00–1.1)

0.20 (0.02–1.2)

0.63

0.86

Unclassified Lachnospiraceae

0.03 (0.01–5.2)

0.39 (0.01–1.6)

0.77 (0.01–9.2)

0.41

0.81

Ruminococcus

0.00 (0.00–0.03)

0.00 (0.00–0.33)

0.22 (0.00–4.6)**

0.01

0.16

Oscillospira

0.01 (0.00–0.45)

0.00 (0.00–1.2)

0.19 (0.01–2.8)**

0.02

0.16

Veillonella

9.2 (2.98–26.2)

8.6 (4.3–42.4)

8.1 (0.53–23.8)

0.45

0.81

Unclassified Enterobacteriaceae

34.1 (16.5–54.1)

18.1 (7.5–32.9)

16.4 (6.3–48.4)

0.1

0.44

Akkermansia

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

0.81

0.86

  1. IQR interquartile range, FDR false discovery rate
  2. Post hoc comparisons between no exposure group and either group of exposure were done by Mann-Whitney U test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.0001
  3. aDominant genera have overall median relative abundance >1% at 3–4 months; phyla are in plain text and families are in italics. Comparisons by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with FDR correction for multiple testing
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Microbiome

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