Fig. 4

Non-uniform and sample-specific mapping of gene families to pathways increases functional variability. Shown is a scatter plot of the coefficient of variation (CoV) in the abundance of pathways across gut samples from the Human Microbiome Project, where gene families are mapped to pathways either by uniform fractional mapping (x-axis) or by EMPANADA-based non-uniform mapping (y-axis). Each point represents a single pathway. GG glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, PE protein export, TM tyrosine metabolism, BM butyrate metabolism, MM methane metabolism, FA fatty acid metabolism VL valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, BSS bacterial secretion system, GM glycerolipid metabolism