Fig. 5

Aberrant metabolic patterns in pHTN and HTN. a PLS-DA score plots based on the metabolic profiles in serum samples from control, pHTN, and HTN group in ES+ and ES−. n = 30 for control, n = 31 for pHTN, and n = 63 for HTN. b Score scatter plots of OPLS-DA comparing the metabolic differences identify the separation between pHTN and control, HTN and control, respectively. c Metabolites significantly changed in pHTN or HTN as compared to control at VIP >1.5 and P value (t test) <0.05 are identified. Venn diagrams demonstrate the number of altered metabolites shared between pHTN (green) and HTN (red) by the overlap. d The relative amount of 26 endogenous compounds concurrently varied in both pHTN and HTN groups is transformed into Z scores in the heat map. There are six metabolites failed to be identified. e The relationship between 26 endogenous metabolites and the 44 top altered genera (Fig. 2a) in pHTN and HTN is estimated by Spearman’s correlation analysis. And those with low correlated (|r| <0.4) are not shown. Genera and metabolites are distinguished as abundant in control (green) or HTN (pink)