Table 4 Ancient metabolic pathways
From: Ancient bacteria of the Ötzi’s microbiome: a genomic tale from the Copper Age
Species | Pathways | Status | Enzymes | Genes | Starting molecule | Final product |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clostridium sp. CADE | PreQ0 biosynthesis | Complete | GTP cyclohydrolase I | folE | guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) | 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine (preQ0) |
6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin synthase | queD | |||||
7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine synthase | queE | |||||
7-cyano-7-deazaguanine synthase | queC | |||||
β-d-glucuronide and d-glucuronate degradation | Complete | β-d-glucuronidase | uidA | β-d-glucuronoside | d-fructuronate | |
d-glucuronate isomerase | uxaC | |||||
d-mannonate oxidoreductase | uxuB | |||||
d-mannonate dehydratase | uxuA | |||||
2-keto-3-deoxygluconokinase | kdgK | |||||
2-keto-3-deoxygluconate 6-phosphate aldolase | eda | |||||
Flavin biosynthesis I | Partial | bifunctional riboflavin kinase/FMN adenylyltransferase | ribF | Guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) | Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) | |
5-amino-6-(5-phospho-d-ribitylamino) uracil phosphatase | ybjI | |||||
3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthase | ribB | |||||
Biotin biosynthesis from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate I | Partial | Biotin synthase | bioB | 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (KAPA) | Vitamin H (biotin) | |
Biotin biosynthesis from 8-amino-7-oxononanoate II | Partial | Biotin synthase | bioB | 8-amino-7-oxononanoate (KAPA) | Vitamin H (biotin) | |
Sucrose degradation I (sucrose phosphotransferase) | Absent | – | – | Sucrose | β-d-fructofuranose 6-phosphate (F6P) | |
C. algidicarnis CALG | Myo-, chiro- and scillo-inositol degradation | Partial | (methyl) malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene | mmsA | Inositol | Glycerone phosphate (DHAP) + acetyl-CoA |
Myo-inositol degradation | Partial | (methyl) malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene | mmsA | Inositol | Glycerone phosphate (DHAP) + acetyl-CoA | |
P. fluorescens PFLU | KDO transfer to lipid IVA I | Absent | – | – | CMP-3-deoxy-β-d-manno-octulosonate | α-Kdo-(2- > 4)-α-Kdo-(2- > 6)-lipid IVA |
KDO transfer to lipid IVA II | Absent | – | – | CMP-3-deoxy-β-d-manno-octulosonate | 4-O-phospho-α-Kdo-(2 → 6)-lipid IVA | |
P. veronii PVER | Pyochelin biosynthesis | Absent | – | – | l-cysteine | Pyochelin |
4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation | Complete | 4-coumarate 3-monooxygenase | hpaB | 4-hydroxyphenylacetate | Succinate |