Table 1 Clinical and Demographic characteristics of participants
From: The lung microbiota in early rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity
Rheumatoid arthritis | Sarcoidosis | Healthy controls | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of subjects, n | 20 | 10 | 28 | |
Female, n (%) | 8 (40 %) | 3 (30 %) | 14 (50 %) | 0.52 |
Age (years), median (range) | 59 (28–76) | 40 (30–63) | 28 (19–50) | <0.001 |
ACPA positive, n (%) | 16 (80 %) | 0 (0%) | 1b (4 %) | <0.001 |
Smoking | 0.005 | |||
Non-smokers, n (%) | 4 (20 %) | 4 (40 %) | 14 (50 %) | |
Ex-smokers, n (%) | 7 (35 %) | 4 (40 %) | 0 (0 %) | |
Current-smokers, n (%) | 9 (45 %) | 2 (20 %) | 14 (50 %) | |
Disease activity | ||||
DAS28, median (range) | 4.42 (2.97–6.69) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
CRP, median (range) | 10.5 (1–54) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
ESR, median (range) | 20 (4–77) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Bone erosion, n (%) | 7 (35 %) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Löfgren syndrome, n (%) | n.a. | 5 (50 %) | n.a. | n.a. |
Pulmonary function test | ||||
VC (%), median (range) | 104 (74–136) | 85.5 (64–93)c | n.a. | 0.002 |
FVC (%), median (range) | 106 (77–138) | 86 (66–90)d | 107 (84–135) | 0.004 |
FEV1 (%), median (range) | 96 (49–126) | 76.5 (64–95)c | 103 (82–122) | 0.006 |
D LCO (%), median (range) | 80 (40–135) | 75 (66–84)d | n.a. | 0.43 |
Bronchoscopy | ||||
BAL recovery (%), median (range) | 58 (30–85) | 68 (45–76) | 69 (25–80) | 0.07 |
BAL cell concentration (106 cells l −1), median (range) | 160.5 (78.7–710) | 172.75 (80–388) | 153.25 (14.3–987.2) | 0.90 |
Macrophages (%), median (range) | 91.4 (56.4–97.4) | 69.9 (46.6–94.8) | 93.8 (71.8–99)a | <0.001 |
Lymphocytes (%), median (range) | 7.2 (2–34) | 27.6 (4.2–49.3) | 4.2 (0.4–14.8)a | <0.001 |
Neutrophils (%), median (range) | 1.5 (0.2–7) | 1.6 (0.5–4) | 0.6 (0.2–18.8)a | 0.05 |
Eosinophils (%), median (range) | 0 (0–5) | 0.1 (0–3.7) | 0.2 (0–0.8)a | 0.21 |