Fig. 5

Relative abundance of intestinal microbiota at the family level. a Enterobacteriaceae was significantly increased in patients on peritoneal dialysis (P = 0.0020). b Clostridiaceae showed no significant difference among the groups (P = 0.8378). c The abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly decreased in PD and transplant patients (P = 0.0020). d There were no significant differences in Lactobacillaceae among the groups (P = 0.8765). Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. N = 6–11 in individual groups. Box and whisker plots illustrate median (line within the box) and minimum and maximum values (whiskers)