Fig. 3

Microbial alpha diversity. Box plots were generated to compare the bacterial richness within groups. Patients with ESRD on PD as well as kidney transplant patients had significantly decreased alpha diversity as demonstrated by different metrics of alpha diversity: (a) phylogenetic diversity whole tree (P = 0.0031) and (b) chao-1 richness estimation (P = 0.003). Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. N = 7–11 in individual groups. Box and whisker plots illustrate median (line within the box) and minimum and maximum values (whiskers)