Fig. 2

Relative abundance of the four dominant phyla of the intestinal microbiota. a Patients on PD showed significantly reduced abundance in Firmicutes (P = 0.0228) when compared to healthy control. b Bacteroidetes was significantly increased in HD patients (P = 0.0462) when compared to control. c Proteobacteria was significantly increased in PD patients (P = 0.0233) when compared to HD patients. d The abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly decreased in PD patients (P = 0.004) when compared to control. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. N = 6–11 in individual groups. Box and whisker plots illustrate median (line within the box) and minimum and maximum values (whiskers)