Table 1 Summary of group characteristics and dietary intake

Age (years)

25.5 (3.3)

25.5 (23–27.8)

24.3 (3.7)

24.5 (21.8–26)

26.2 (5.5)

28 (21–31)

BMI (kg/m²)

25.5 (3.9)

24.9 (23.2–27.8)

23.5 (.5)

23.4 (22.1–23.8)

22.8 (1.5)

22.4 (21.9–24)

VO₂peak

33 (4.8)*

33.3 (30.7–26.3)

41.9 (4.3)*

41.2 (38.5–44.2)

54.8 (5.6)*

52.4 (51.3–60.9)

 Energy (kcal)

2477.5 (1168.4)

2119.5 (1537.2–3565)

2230 (605.4)

2092 (1793–2561)

2458.3 (668.3)

2647 (2060–2714)

 Protein (g)

128.7 (88.5)

104.8 (55.4–182.7)

110.2 (53.7)

90 (80–134.6)

111.2 (49.7)

97.5 (84–127.2)

 Carbohydrate (g)

278.9 (97.5)

294.7 (201.7–347.6)

245.2 (90.4)

245.2 (182.1–275.2)

276.9 (80.2)

268.5 (248.3–310.8)

 Fat (g)

95.4 (61.9)

74.1 (46.5–121.3)

95.8 (29.1)

85.6 (78.4–113.6)

105.3 (41.1)

111.9 (84.2–131.30)

 Saturated fat (g)

37.7 (30)

25.2 (16.9–62.2)

32 (29.1)

31.2 (26.5–34.5)

31.6 (14.7)

32.6 (21.2–36)

 MUFA (g)

30.7 (19.9)

27.6 (14.1–36.9)

35 (14.4)

34.9 (27.6–40.8)

38.6 (16.5)

36.4 (28.5–46.9)

 PUFA (g)

15 (6.8)

15.1 (9.3–20)

20.2 (11.7)

17.9 (11.1–26.7)

23.3 (10.7)

22.6 (15.4–28.2)

 Trans fat (mg)

730 (960)

358 (28.5–89.3)

580 (440)

552 (243.7–896.8)

500 (530)

407 (87–501)

 Omega 3 (mg)

2260 (1470)

1958 (−1166–3068)

2990 (2320)

1958 (1307–4779)

3110 (3600)

1535 (1200–1942)

 Omega 6 (mg)

1790 (3320)

418 (28.8–1624)

1010 (1040)

438 (283.3–1672)

3820 (4250)

2477 (198–4951)

 Sugar (g)

96.7 (59.1)

68.9 (54.8–134.2)

83.2 (43.9)

80.2 (67–95.5)

103.6 (38.4)

97.4 (81.7–121.7)

 Fiber (g)

28.4 (11.7)

22.5 (20.2–34.7)

31.3 (30.2)

23.2 (17.3–29.4)

36.5 (20.2)

28.8 (24.2–40.2)

 Cholesterol (mg)

358 (348.7)

263.6 (59.4–453.4)

346.5 (194.6)

288.6 (196.1–466.1)

443.1 (269.3)

442.6 (186.3–638.6)

 Butyrate (mg)

470 (740)

212.5 (39.8–578)

690 (690)

573.5 (283.5–929)

480 (470)

366 (194–518)