Variable | Neither C. difficile infection nor colonization (n = 90) | C. difficile infection (n = 4) | C. difficile colonization (n = 4) |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean years (range) | 74 (61–91) | 71 (66–80) | 74 (71–78) |
Male sex | 44 (49) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) |
Horn’s indexa, median (range) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–2) |
Duration of hospitalizationb, median days (range) | 5 (1–69) | 21 (2–61) | 5 (1–15) |
Hospitalization in past 12 monthsc | 11 (12) | 0 | 0 |
Fecal specimens analyzed, median (range) | 2 (1–12) | 4 (1–15) | 2 (1–4) |
Reason for hospital admission | |||
Osteoarthritis/Rheumatoid arthritis | 62 (69) | 0 | 1 (25) |
Pneumonia | 8 (9) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) |
Cellulitis | 4 (4) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) |
Fever | 2 (2) | 0 | 0 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (3) | 0 | 0 |
Othersd | 11 (12) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) |
Medication useb | |||
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 33 (37) | 4 (100) | 2 (50) |
Proton pump inhibitors | 26 (29) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) |
Glucocorticoids | 12 (13) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) |
Opioids | 25 (28) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) |
Laxatives | 16 (18) | 3 (75) | 0 |
Propulsive agents | 3 (3) | 0 | 0 |
Antipropulsive agents | 1 (1) | 1 (25) | 0 |
Chemotherapeutic agents | 0 | 0 | 1 (25) |
Any antibiotic | 80 (89) | 4 (100) | 4 (100) |
Cephalosporins | 60 (67) | 1 (25) | 1 (25) |
Fluoroquinolones | 13 (14) | 2 (50) | 0 |
Penicillin with β-lactamase inhibitors | 12 (13) | 3 (75) | 1 (25) |
Vancomycin (intravenous) | 7 (8) | 2 (50) | 0 |
Carbapenems | 6 (7) | 2 (50) | 2 (50) |
Penicillins | 5 (6) | 0 | 0 |
Azithromycin | 4 (4) | 1 (25) | 0 |
Metronidazole | 3 (3) | 1 (25) | 0 |
Cotrimoxazole | 2 (2) | 0 | 0 |
Otherse | 2 (2) | 3 (75) | 0 |