Fig. 5

Taxonomic and functional sample differences. Heatmaps displaying differences between the viable and non-viable biome and between gowning area and the cleanroom biome investigated using paired Student’s t tests and Welch tests, respectively. These were carried out individually for each classification, namely taxa, KOs (KEGG Orthologs, Additional file 5: Figure S3) and entire KEGG pathways. All tests performed were checked for robustness using permutations of sample sets (Additional file 9: Table S4); robust comparison groups (95 % confidence) were highlighted in this figure and in Additional file 5: Figure S3 (column names of heatmaps). a The 37 taxa with significant differences across all six comparison groups comprised Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fungi, and Viridiplantae. b Fifty-eight pathways associated with Metabolism, Genetic Information Processing, Environmental Information Processing, and Cellular Processes showed significant differences between the six comparison groups. Most of the pathways were less abundant in the viable biome