Table 2 Examples of symbiotic interactions between gut bacteria and the host
From: The functionality of the gastrointestinal microbiome in non-human animals
Host | Bacteria taxa | Food source | Suggested function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Stinkbug | Ishikawaella capsulata | Plant sap | Nutrient provision Amino acid and vitamin synthesis | [82] |
Kissing bug | Rhodococcus rhodnii | Blood-based diets | Nutrient provision Growth and development | [83] |
Honeybee Leafhopper Caterpillar | Acetobacteraceae | Sugar-based diets | Oxidize sugars Acetic acid production | |
Drosophila | Acetobacter Lactobacillus | Sugar-based diets | Activation of insulin hormone signaling | [86] |
Goat | Synergistes jonesii | Forage | Metabolize toxins | |
Reindeer Sheep Elk | Eubacterium rangiferina | Forage | Metabolize toxins present in lichen | |
Rat | Enterobacteriaceae Bacteroides | Omnivore | Tannin-resistant bacteria | [91] |
Mice | Helicobacter spp. | Omnivore | Inducer of CXC chemokine responses in epithelial cell lines | [92] |
Tammar wallaby | Unique clades of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides, Gammaproteobacteria | Herbivore | Plant biomass conversion | [93] |
Flying squirrel | Dominated by Firmicutes | Herbivore | Degradation of carbohydrates Metabolism of proteins Synthesis of vitamins | [94] |
Giant panda | Clostridium I and XIVa | Bamboo | Cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic activities | [95] |
Zebra | Lactobacillus equigenerosi | Herbivore | Plant fermentation | [96] |
Horse | Weissella confusa/cibaria | |||
Ostrich | Fibrobacter succinogenes Fibrobacter intestinalis | Herbivore | Fibrolitic activity | [97] |
Grass carp | Anoxybacillus Leuconostoc Clostridium Actinomyces Citrobacter Aeromonas | Herbivore | Cellulolytic activity | [98] |
Surgeon fish | Epulopiscium fishelsoni | Herbivore | Digestion of herbs and detritus | [99] |
Iguanas | Archaebacteria (Methanogens) | Herbivore | Fermentation | [100] |
American bullfrog tadpoles | Edwardsiella tarda Clostridium | Herbivore | Carbohydrate fermentation | [101] |