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Figure 2 | Microbiome

Figure 2

From: HIV Infection is associated with compositional and functional shifts in the rectal mucosal microbiota

Figure 2

Alpha and beta diversity. (A) Chao1 alpha diversity indicated subjects on combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART(-)) had reduced species richness than healthy controls (HC) and subjects on (cART(+)), though only the comparison with HC was significant (t-test, P ≤0.05 at all sampling depths >17,188). Abundance curves for HC and cART(+) subjects were nearly indistinguishable. (B) Beta diversity was analyzed by unweighted unifrac analysis using the first and fourth principal components. These principal components were selected because principal coordinate 1 (PC1) was significantly different between cART(-) and cART(+) subjects (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.02) and both PC1 and PC4 were significantly different between cART(-) and HC subjects (Kruskal-Wallis, both P <0.05). HC subjects (blue) clustered relatively tightly with cART(+) subjects (yellow), whereas cART(-) subjects (red) were more diffusely scattered along PC1 and PC4 (Adonis, for cART(+) vs cART(-) P = 0.06, and for cART(-) versus HC P = 0.02). (C) Phylum level composition of each subject was sorted based on HIV and cART status. The abundance of Firmicutes was significantly reduced in cART(-) subjects compared with healthy subjects (analysis of variance (ANOVA), q = 0.06) while Fusobacteria were significantly enriched (ANOVA, q = 0.11).

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