Figure 5

Exposure to penicillin with β-lactamase inhibitor is associated with an increase in Firmicutes. The scatter plot shows log-transformed 16S sequence counts for Firmicutes in patients that were exposed (n = 10) or unexposed (n = 38) to penicillin with β-lactamase inhibitor. Results are presented for both V1-V3 and V3-V5 sequence sets. Patients with the lowest degree of intestinal biodiversity (n = 5) are shown with open circles. Horizontal lines represent the median and interquartile range. P values were determined by Poisson regression. Note that data on exposure to penicillin with β-lactamase inhibitor was missing in two patients, including one of the patients with the lowest degree of intestinal biodiversity; these are not depicted.