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Table 3 In vitro models used to study host-microbes interactions

From: From meta-omics to causality: experimental models for human microbiome research

Feature

Transwell Inserts

SHIME[109]

M-SHIME[110]

TIM1[111]

TIM2[112]

CCS[113]

Gut-on-a-Chip[44]

Human cell culture a

+b

-

-

-

-

+b

++b

GIT microbiota culture

-

+

+

-

+

-

-

Anaerobic conditions for microbes

-

+

+

+

+

+

-

Mucin

+

-

+

-

-

-

-

pH measurement

-

+

+

+

+

+

-

Throughput

+

-

-

-

-

-

+

  1. aThe models involving the possibility to incorporate human cells can be subjected to Trans-epithelial Electric Resistance (TEER) measurements (except the model CCS).
  2. b+, co-culture for 3 to 6 h; ++, co-culture for >1 week.
  3. CCS, continuous culture system; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; M-SHIME, Mucus-Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; SHIME, Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem; TIM1, model simulating the stomach and small intestine; TIM2, model simulating the large intestine.