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Table 2 Association between urinary metabolite values, microbial community characteristics and NECa

From: Early microbial and metabolomic signatures predict later onset of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Characteristic

Alanine

Histidine

Alanine:histidine ratio

Spearman’s rho (P value)

Firmicutes, relative abundance

+0.49

+0.32

+0.20

(P = 0.009)

(P = 0.095)

(P = 0.315)

Proteobacteria, relative abundance

−0.42

−0.24

−0.16

(P = 0.027)

(P = 0.221)

(P = 0.413)

Propionibacterium, relative abundance

−0.45

+0.02

−0.57

(P = 0.015)

(P = 0.920)

(P = 0.002)

Median values by cluster or NEC status (Kruskal–Wallis P value)

Cluster I samples versus

3.34

0.59

4.97

All other samples

1.52

0.44

3.46

(P < 0.001)

(P = 0.140)

(P = 0.029)

Cluster II samples versus

1.52

0.44

3.51

All other samples

2.46

0.59

4.86

(P = 0.007)

(P = 0.104)

(P = 0.403)

NEC samples versus

2.13

0.33

6.32

All others excluding non-NEC deaths

1.72

0.53

3.42

(P = 0.467)

(P = 0.169)

(P = 0.022)

NEC-I versus

2.81

0.55

4.86

All others excluding non-NEC deaths

1.57

0.44

3.51

(P = 0.023)

(P = 0.394)

(P = 0.177)

NEC-II versus

1.50

0.25

7.35

All others excluding non-NEC deaths

1.84

0.53

3.53

 

(P = 0.229)

(P = 0.015)

(P = 0.126)

  1. aThe urine and stool samples were collected from 28 infants between postnatal days 4 to 9. Analyses include 9 NEC cases, 2 deaths and 17 controls, except analysis of NEC, NEC-I and NEC-II, for which the non-NEC deaths were removed as a competing cause. Metabolites measured as normalized peak intensity. Significant values are bolded.