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Table 1 Interpretation of the behavioral scales

From: Cluster-specific associations between the gut microbiota and behavioral outcomes in preschool-aged children

Behavioral scale

Subcomponent

Directionality

Interpretation

Internalizing

No

Higher = more problems

This composite reflects behaviors that are acted inwards (i.e., anxiety, depression, somatization)

Externalizing

No

Higher = more problems

This composite reflects behaviors that are acted outwards (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression)

Behavioral symptoms

No

Higher = more problems

This composite reflects the overall level of problem behavior (i.e., hyperactivity, aggression, depression, attention problems, atypicality, withdrawal).

Developmental social disorder

No

Higher = more problems

Tendency to display behaviors characterized by deficits in social skills, communication, interests, and activities. Sometimes used to rate autism-related behaviors.

Adaptive skills

No

Higher = more adaptive

This composite summarizes appropriate emotional expression and control, daily living skills, and communication skills.

Social skills

Yes, to adaptive skills

Higher = more adaptive

The skills necessary for interacting successfully with peers and adults in home, school, and community settings.

Functional communication

Yes, to adaptive skills

Higher = more adaptive

The ability to express ideas and communicate in a way others can easily understand.

Daily living

Yes, to adaptive skills

Higher = more adaptive

Skills associated with performing basic, everyday tasks in an acceptable and safe manner.

Adaptability

Yes, to adaptive skills

Higher = more adaptive

The ability to adapt readily to changes in the environment.