Fig. 1

Gut microbiota composition differences between the four clusters. A Relative abundance differences between gut microbial taxa and their contributions to the cluster groupings were calculated. B–D Alpha diversity measures were compared between the clusters, and differences were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis tests followed by Mann-Whitney tests. Data are depicted as violin plots where the middle line is the median and the dotted lines are quartiles. E Differences in beta diversity were assessed, where individual dots are datapoints. Total n = 248, cluster sub is n = 81, Ba1 is n = 70, Bif is n = 53, Ba2 is n = 44. For the statistical significance, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, * indicates a statistical difference compared to the sub cluster, # compared to the Ba1 cluster, $ compared to the Bif cluster