Fig. 5

Multi-omics integration included host phenotypes (fecal scores, MUC2 biosynthesis, and pathology scores), colonic microbiome, microbial functions, metabolome, and host transcriptome. A Spearman correlation among the metabolites, bacteria, and bacterial functions. B Spearman correlation among the metabolites, fungi, and fungal functions. C Spearman correlation network among the host phenotypes, host DEGs, metabolites, bacteria, and bacterial functions. The width of edges is proportional to the correlation strength. The color of edges: red, positive; blue, negative. The color of nodes: red, significantly enriched in HES; blue: significantly enriched in LES. The shape of nodes: ellipse, DEGs; diamond, metabolites; hexagon, phenotypes; rectangle, microbial functions; triangle, microbiota. Only strong correlations were displayed (|R|> 0.5, P < 0.05). D Spearman correlation network among the host DEGs, fungi, and fungal functions. The width of edges is proportional to the correlation strength. The color of edges: red, positive; blue, negative. The color of nodes: red, significantly enriched in HES; blue: significantly enriched in LES. The shape of nodes: ellipse, DEGs; rectangle, microbial functions; triangle, microbiota. Only strong correlations were displayed (|R|> 0.5, P < 0.05)