Fig. 1

A Sketch Map of the Experimental Design and the Physiological Manifestations of Calves. A, the sketch map of the experimental design and procedures in this study; B, the temperature and humidity indexes (THIs) during the 60 days after the arrival of the calves; C, the rectal temperatures of each experimental calf during the 30 days after their arrival; D-H, the status scores, respiratory scores, appetite scores, ocular and ear scores, and nasal discharge scores of the experimental calves during the 60 days after their arrival; I, the increased body weight of experimental calves from day 46 to day 108; and J, the ratio of the increased body weight of calves from day 46 to day 108 to their initial body weight on day 46. The data are expressed as the mean ± the standard error mean (SEM). In C-H, a generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the differences in the rectal temperature and the daily scores between the two groups. For I and J, a student t-test (I) and a Mann-Whitney U test (J) were used to discern the differences in the body weight gain between the two groups: ***, p < 0.001